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Reviewed by LazyQS Editorial·Last reviewed: 2026-02-19

Plain English Explanation

X3 allows for certain defined items in the contract to be paid in currencies other than the currency of the main contract. This is relevant for international projects or where key components are purchased in foreign currencies (e.g. specialised equipment priced in euros or dollars).

X3 provides exchange rate protection for those defined items — the contract fixes the exchange rate for those items at the base date, so the Contractor is not exposed to currency fluctuation on them. For everything else, the standard contract currency applies.

X3 is rarely used in UK domestic construction but is relevant in international projects or where significant imported materials are priced in foreign currencies.

Key Takeaway

If importing key materials, identify your currency exposure at tender, list those items for X3 coverage, and price any residual currency risk on non-X3 items — do not assume the contract will protect you.

What This Means for Subcontractors

For UK subcontractors importing specialist materials or equipment from overseas, currency fluctuation can be a significant financial risk. If X3 is in the contract and covers your supply items, this provides protection. If it is not included, consider how you manage currency risk in your pricing.

Common Risks & Disputes

  • 1Exchange rate movements between tender and contract award eroding the value of foreign currency pricing
  • 2X3 not covering all the currencies you are exposed to
  • 3Administrative complexity of maintaining separate currency accounting for different items
  • 4Exchange rate for non-X3 items still being the Contractor's risk
  • 5Delays in converting foreign currency invoices into the contract currency affecting cashflow

Sources

  1. NEC4 ECC Secondary Option X3NEC4 ECC
  2. RICS Guidance Note: Currency Risk and International Contracts Under NEC4RICS
  3. ICE Guidance: Multiple Currencies and Exchange Rate Provisions in NEC ContractsICE

Related Clauses

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